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Prevalence, Molecular Characteristics and Virulence Identification of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in China
Xiaowen Xu1,2,3, Wanyue Zhao1,2,3, Zhijie Xiang1,2,3
1National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Abstract:
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3) is one of the major pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). BPIV-3 surveillance in China has been quite limited. In this study, we used PCR to test 302 cattle in China, and found that the positive rate was 4.64% and the herd-level positive rate was 13.16%. Six BPIV-3C strains were isolated and confirmed by electron microscopy, and their titers were determined. Three were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates were most closely related to strain NX49 from Ningxia; the genetic diversity of genotype C strains was lower than strains of genotypes A and B; the HN, P, and N genes were more suitable for genotyping and evolutionary analyses of BPIV-3. Protein variation analyses showed that all isolates had mutations at amino acid sites in the proteins HN, M, F, and L. Genetic recombination analyses provided evidence for homologous recombination of BPIV-3 of bovine origin. The virulence experiment indicated that strain Hubei-03 had the highest pathogenicity and could be used as a vaccine candidate. These findings apply an important basis for the precise control of BPIV-3 in China.
Insights
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3) surveillance in China revealed a 4.64% cattle positive rate. Identified BPIV-3C strains offer insights for disease control and potential vaccine development.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
Background:
- Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3) is a significant pathogen contributing to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC).
- Limited BPIV-3 surveillance data exists for China, hindering effective disease management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of BPIV-3 in China.
- To identify potential vaccine candidates for BPIV-3 control.
Main Methods:
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to screen 302 cattle samples.
- BPIV-3 strains were isolated, confirmed via electron microscopy, and titrated.
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was utilized for genetic and phylogenetic analyses.
- Virulence assays were performed on isolated strains.
Main Results:
- A cattle-level positive rate of 4.64% and a herd-level positive rate of 13.16% were detected.
- Six BPIV-3C strains were isolated, with phylogenetic analysis indicating close relation to the NX49 strain.
- The HN, P, and N genes were identified as suitable for BPIV-3 genotyping and evolutionary studies.
- Evidence of homologous recombination in bovine BPIV-3 was found.
- Strain Hubei-03 exhibited the highest pathogenicity, suggesting its potential as a vaccine candidate.
Conclusions:
- This study provides crucial data on BPIV-3 prevalence and genetic diversity in China.
- The findings support the development of targeted BPIV-3 control measures and vaccine strategies.
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