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Acalculous Cholecystitis in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review

Evanthia Thomaidou1, Eleni Karlafti2,3, Matthaios Didagelos1,4

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Viruses
|March 28, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC), inflammation of the gallbladder without gallstones, is increasingly reported in COVID-19 patients. This review analyzes AAC

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) affects 5-10% of adult acute cholecystitis cases.
  • Infectious agents can cause cholecystitis in healthy individuals.
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, impacts multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract via ACE2 receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review on acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) in patients with COVID-19.
  • To analyze the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of AAC associated with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of case reports and clinical studies focusing on AAC in COVID-19 patients.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • AAC has been documented in patients with COVID-19.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to AAC pathogenesis through gastrointestinal tract involvement.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on AAC presentation and management in the context of COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 is an emerging risk factor for AAC.
  • Understanding the link between SARS-CoV-2 and AAC is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and optimize treatment protocols for AAC in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVIDSARS-CoV-2acalculous cholecystitisgallbladder

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