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Related Concept Videos

Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

57
In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
57
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

37
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short...
37
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

92
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance.
92
Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations01:25

Design Example: Traverse Angle Computations

79
Traverse angle computations are a critical component of surveying, used to compute the internal angles within a closed traverse. A traverse consists of a series of connected lines forming a closed loop, often used for land boundary delineation or mapping. Calculating the internal angles ensures accuracy in the traverse geometry and is essential for checking survey data integrity.The process begins with known azimuths and bearings of the traverse sides. Internal angles at each vertex are...
79
Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

Types of Global Positioning System Surveys

55
GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
55
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

28
To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
28

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A Review: High-Precision Angle Measurement Technologies.

Shengtong Wang1, Rui Ma1, Feifan Cao1

  • 1Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precision angle measurement is vital for high-end manufacturing. This review details single-axis and multi-axis optical, mechanical, and AI-assisted methods to guide technology selection for diverse manufacturing needs.

Keywords:
angle measurementartificial intelligence assistanceautocollimationmulti-axissingle-axis

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology and Precision Engineering
  • Manufacturing Technology
  • Optical and Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Angle measurement is fundamental to precision manufacturing and assembly processes.
  • Current methods prioritize multi-axis capabilities, high precision, and broad measurement ranges.
  • Technological advancements are continuously expanding options for angle measurement solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize angle measurement technologies.
  • To provide a comparative overview of single-axis and multi-axis measurement schemes.
  • To assist readers in selecting appropriate technical solutions based on application requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of single-axis optical methods (encoder discs, interferometry), mechanical, electromagnetic, and inertial techniques.
  • Analysis of multi-axis measurement schemes using autocollimation instruments (plane mirrors, gratings, self-designed targets).
  • Inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI) assisted precision measurement as an emerging technology.

Main Results:

  • Interferometric methods offer the highest accuracy but at a high cost; encoder discs provide a large measurement range at an ordinary price.
  • Grating encoders offer three degrees of freedom at an ordinary price but have limitations in range and sensitivity compared to self-designed targets.
  • AI assistance is increasingly adopted for its ability to identify complex relationships between measured and detected values.

Conclusions:

  • Angle measurement is critical for precision manufacturing, with evolving technologies offering greater flexibility.
  • The choice of angle measurement technology depends on specific application needs, including axis requirements, accuracy, range, and budget.
  • This review aims to facilitate informed decisions for selecting optimal angle measurement solutions.