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Fungal metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone reduces canine coronavirus infection.

Claudia Cerracchio1, Luca Del Sorbo1, Francesco Serra2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.

Heliyon
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fungal metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP) shows antiviral activity against canine coronavirus (CCoV). This compound reduced viral replication and improved cell viability in vitro, offering potential for new drug development against coronaviruses (CoVs).

Keywords:
AhRAntiviral activityCCoVFungal secondary metabolitesIn vitro systemsViral N protein

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Mycology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) exhibit high mutation rates and recombination potential, leading to dangerous variants and cross-species transmission, necessitating novel antiviral agents.
  • Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are a promising source for identifying new therapeutic compounds against viral infections.
  • Canine coronavirus (CCoV) poses a threat due to its potential to evolve into more virulent forms affecting both animals and humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antiviral efficacy of 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP), a fungal secondary metabolite from *Trichoderma atroviride*, against canine coronavirus (CCoV) in vitro.
  • To investigate the effect of 6PP on CCoV-induced cell damage and viral replication.
  • To explore the impact of 6PP on the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) during CCoV infection.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assessment of 6PP's antiviral activity using a reference strain of CCoV (S/378).
  • Cell viability assays and morphological analysis to determine the protective effects of 6PP.
  • Quantitative analysis of viral replication and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression levels.

Main Results:

  • Nontoxic concentrations of 6PP significantly enhanced cell viability and reduced CCoV-induced cell death.
  • 6PP demonstrated significant inhibition of CCoV replication in vitro.
  • A notable decrease in the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was observed following 6PP treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal secondary metabolite 6PP exhibits potent antiviral properties against canine coronavirus (CCoV).
  • 6PP effectively inhibits viral replication and mitigates cellular damage, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
  • The study highlights the utility of fungal SMs and establishes an in vitro model for screening potential anti-CoV drugs.