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Insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia: an important cardiovascular risk factor that has long been underestimated
Serafino Fazio1, Valentina Mercurio1, Loredana Tibullo2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Insights
Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia (Hyperins) are significant, yet often overlooked, cardiovascular risk factors. Addressing IR/Hyperins is crucial for reducing high cardiovascular mortality rates globally.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Syndrome
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains high despite advances in treatment.
- Established risk factors like hypertension and diabetes are managed, but insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia (Hyperins) are often neglected.
- IR/Hyperins prevalence is increasing globally, affecting an estimated 51% of the population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia (Hyperins) as critical, underappreciated cardiovascular risk factors.
- To encourage the scientific community to recognize and address the cardiovascular implications of IR/Hyperins.
- To review the scientific literature on the association between IR/Hyperins and cardiovascular health.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct.
- Keywords included: insulin, insulin signaling, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular system, cardiovascular diseases.
- Selection of studies focusing on the link between IR/Hyperins and the cardiovascular system, including screening and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Scientific literature demonstrates that neglected IR/Hyperins can lead to significant negative cardiovascular effects.
- IR/Hyperins are strongly associated with the cardiovascular system and contribute to cardiovascular diseases.
- Growing global prevalence of IR/Hyperins underscores their importance as a public health concern.
Conclusions:
- IR/Hyperins represent a significant and under-addressed cardiovascular risk.
- Prompt screening and treatment of IR/Hyperins are essential for cardiovascular disease prevention.
- Further research and clinical focus on IR/Hyperins are needed to mitigate cardiovascular mortality.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular mortality is still excessively high, despite the considerable progress made in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although many cardiovascular risk factors (such as arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, etc.), identified in the general population, are being promptly treated, to date little consideration is given to a cardiovascular risk factor which we believe has largely demonstrated in the scientific literature of the last three decades that, if neglected, can produce a series of relevant negative effects on the cardiovascular system: insulin resistance (IR)/hyperinsulinemia (Hyperins). This risk factor is still not sufficently sought in the general population and, consequently, is not treated promptly, as it should be, to avoid its negative impact on the cardiovascular system. IR's prevalence is constantly growing worldwide, and it is estimated to have reached a prevalence of 51% of the general population in developed and developing countries, and Hyperins is a constant and strong feature of IR. This article aims to stimulate the scientific community towards IR/Hyperins as relevant cardiovascular risk factor, since it is still neglected. The scientific literature analyzed and used to for this article was found on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, etc, using the following keywords: insulin, insulin signaling, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular system, cardiovascular diseases. We selected studies that explored the association between IR/Hyperins and the cardiovascular system, and those that discussed the possibilities of screening and treatment of IR/Hyperins.
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