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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Isoflurane preconditioning induced genomic changes in mouse cortex.

Umeshkumar Athiraman1,2, Tusar Giri1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

BJA Open
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Isoflurane preconditioning alters gene expression in the mouse brain cortex, showing a biphasic response over 72 hours. This study reveals temporal changes in genes related to neurodegeneration and nervous system disorders.

Keywords:
genomicsisoflurane preconditioningmouse cortexnervous system disordersneurodegeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Altered gene expression patterns in the mouse brain following isoflurane preconditioning remain uninvestigated.
  • This pilot study aims to explore the temporal sequence of transcriptome changes in the mouse brain cortex induced by isoflurane preconditioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the temporal sequence of changes in the transcriptome of mouse brain cortex produced by isoflurane preconditioning.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were exposed to isoflurane (2% in air for 1 hour) and brains harvested at multiple time points (0-72 hours).
  • A separate cohort received three isoflurane doses over three days.
  • Gene expression was analyzed using the NanoString mouse neuropathology panel (760 genes).

Main Results:

  • Isoflurane preconditioning upregulated and downregulated genes across several pathways.
  • A biphasic gene expression response was observed: an early wave (until 6 hours), a pause (until 24 hours), and a second wave (starting at 36 hours).

Conclusions:

  • Isoflurane preconditioning significantly alters genes involved in neurodegeneration and nervous system disorders over time.
  • These findings may help elucidate molecular mechanisms of isoflurane-induced neuroprotection in central nervous system diseases.