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Sex-Specific Developmental Scales for Surveillance.

Tamar Sudry1,2, Guy Amit2, Deena R Zimmerman3

  • 1Neurodevelopmental Research Center, Mental Health Institute, Beer Sheva, Israel.

Pediatrics
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex-specific developmental scales improve early detection of developmental delays in children. Using separate scales for boys and girls enhances accuracy in developmental surveillance, reducing missed diagnoses and over-evaluations.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric developmental surveillance
  • Child health monitoring
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Routine developmental surveillance is crucial for identifying children at risk of developmental delay.
  • Existing surveillance methods may not account for sex-based differences in developmental milestone attainment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-related differences in developmental milestone attainment.
  • To assess the clinical utility of sex-specific developmental scales compared to unified scales.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide retrospective study analyzed data from ∼1000 maternal child health clinics.
  • Constructed sex-specific developmental scales using data from 839,574 children (birth to 6 years).
  • Evaluated sex-differences in 59 developmental milestones across 4 domains and calculated error rates for unified vs. sex-specific scales.

Main Results:

  • Females generally achieved milestones earlier than males, particularly at older ages.
  • Unified scales led to potential under-diagnosis in females (19.3% of failed assessments) and over-diagnosis in males (5.9% of failed assessments).

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex-related differences exist in developmental milestone attainment.
  • Current unified scales may distort developmental surveillance accuracy.
  • Sex-specific scales are recommended to improve the precision of early childhood developmental surveillance.