Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid

The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.