The void side of silica: surveying optical properties and applications of mesoporous silica

Mesoporous silica stands out as a remarkable, low-density transparent material characterized by well-defined nanometric pore sizes. It is available in various morphologies, including monoliths, nanoparticles, and films. This material plays a pivotal role in numerous technological applications, both independently and as a component in hybrid composites, acting as a host for a diverse range of inorganic and organic materials. Among the synthetic routes, we accounted for the sol-gel method because of its large success in producing both nanoparticles and bulk mesoporous silica. This review focuses on exploring the optical properties of mesoporous silica and mesoporous silica-based composites, delving into how the huge void space within mesoporous silica can be harnessed across various fields: thermal and electrical insulations, photonics, environmental devices, or nanocargos for drugs and bioimaging. This comprehensive examination underscores the multifaceted potential of mesoporous silica, positioning it as a key player in the development of innovative solutions across various scientific domains.