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Data Sharing in a Decentralized Public Health System: Lessons From COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance.

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Summary

Sharing syndromic surveillance data across government levels faces challenges due to federalism. New policies are needed for a collaborative framework to improve national public health information systems.

Keywords:
COVID-19COVID-19 pandemicSARS-CoV-2United Statescollaborative frameworkdata sharingdecentralizeddigital healthdigital technologyethical guidelinesfederalismhealth datahealth informationhealth policyinfodemiologyinformation systeminnovationpublic healthrisk scoresurveillancesyndromic surveillancetechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Informatics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted persistent data sharing issues within public health information systems.
  • Challenges in sharing syndromic surveillance data exist between state, local, and federal partners.
  • US federalism decentralizes public health, creating intergovernmental friction and complicating data sharing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine specific challenges in sharing syndromic surveillance data between different levels of government.
  • To identify policy and relational barriers to effective data sharing.
  • To propose a collaborative framework for a national public health information system.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing policies and their impact on federal access to state and local syndromic surveillance data.
  • Examination of ethical guidelines for public health data sharing.
  • Identification of the importance of local context in interpreting syndromic surveillance data.

Main Results:

  • Current policies restrict federal access to syndromic surveillance data without consent, hindering federal interests.
  • These restrictions conflict with ethical public health data sharing guidelines.
  • State and local agencies are crucial for contextual interpretation, but collaboration is limited.

Conclusions:

  • A collaborative framework is essential for effective data sharing between federal, state, and local partners.
  • Such a framework requires a governance group with significant state and local input.
  • Policy guardrails are necessary to ensure appropriate data use and actualize a national public health information system.