Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

4.6K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.6K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

2.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.7K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

926
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
926
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

2.4K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
2.4K
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

102.4K
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
102.4K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

2.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diet, lifestyle, metabolic markers, and socioeconomic status are associated with cognitive function in school-aged children from a population-based cohort.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

Advancing PFAS biomonitoring with a validated high-throughput suspect screening workflow in a longitudinal birth cohort.

International journal of hygiene and environmental health·2026
Same author

Shear Wave Elastography in Children: Normative Values and the Impact of Healthy Habits in a Cross-Sectional Study.

Health science reports·2026
Same author

A novel dynamic risk score to predict clinically significant bleeding after 3 months of anticoagulation in patients with incident venous thromboembolism and without active cancer.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2026
Same author

A novel dynamic risk score to predict venous thromboembolism recurrences after 3 months of anticoagulation in patients with incident venous thromboembolism and without active cancer.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2026
Same author

Circulating Adipsin as a Biomarker of Liver Fat Content in Prepubertal Children Born Small-for-Gestational-Age.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Stimulating Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies Enhance the Expression of Both Thyrotropin Receptors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptors in Fibroblasts.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

Mild Thyroid Eye Disease-The Most Common yet the Least Studied Presentation of Thyroid Eye Disease.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

In Memoriam: Lawrence Crane Wood (1935-2026).

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

Trends in Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Hyperthyroidism Over Two Decades.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

Targeted Therapy-Induced Erythrocytosis in Thyroid Cancers: An Underrecognized Safety Signal from a Retrospective Study.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
Same journal

<i>Retraction Notice:</i> High Iodine Concentration Attenuates <i>RET/PTC3</i> Oncogene Activation in Thyroid Follicular Cells.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.6K

Risk Factors for Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Joris A J Osinga1,2, Yindi Liu1,2, Tuija Männistö3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current risk factors for gestational thyroid dysfunction have poor predictive ability. Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity is a significant risk factor for hypothyroidism, suggesting its utility in targeted screening.

Keywords:
pregnancyrisk factorsscreeningthyroidthyroid function tests

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

833
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

599

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.6K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

833
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

599

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • International guidelines advocate for targeted screening of gestational thyroid dysfunction.
  • Current risk factors used for screening demonstrate limited discriminative ability.
  • Accurate identification of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the risk for thyroid function test abnormalities associated with specific risk factors used in current international guidelines.
  • To evaluate the predictive value of commonly used risk factors for gestational thyroid dysfunction.
  • To identify more reliable indicators for targeted screening.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort studies including data on maternal thyroid function and risk factors (age, BMI, parity, smoking, IVF, twin pregnancy, gestational age, education, antibodies).
  • Exclusion of participants with pre-existing thyroid disease or thyroid-interfering medication.
  • Analysis of individual participant data using mixed-effects regression models to determine primary outcomes (overt/subclinical hypothyroidism, treatment indication).

Main Results:

  • The study included 65,559 participants across 25 cohorts.
  • Commonly recommended risk factors (age >30, parity ≥2, BMI ≥40) had low predictive ability (AUC 0.58-0.63).
  • Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity significantly increased the risk for hypothyroidism (e.g., combined positivity risk 7.0% for overt, 20.0% for subclinical). Twin pregnancies were linked to higher overt hyperthyroidism risk (5.6% vs. 0.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Assessed risk factors possess poor predictive ability, questioning their clinical utility for targeted gestational thyroid dysfunction screening.
  • Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity emerged as a relevant and significant risk factor for hypothyroidism during pregnancy.
  • Findings suggest a need to re-evaluate current screening strategies and consider antibody status more prominently.