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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts to flow if an electric field is created inside an isolated conductor that is not part of a full circuit. The conductor quickly develops a net positive charge at one end and a net negative charge at the other. These charges generate an electric field opposite the direction of the applied electric field, which reduces the current. Eventually,...
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Heteroionic Interfaces in Hybrid Solid-State Batteries─Current Constriction at the Interface between Different Solid

Janis K Eckhardt1,2,3, Sascha Kremer1,2, Leonardo Merola1,2

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hybrid solid-state batteries require understanding heteroionic interfaces. Microstructure-resolved computations reveal that interface morphology, not just material properties, significantly impacts impedance spectra, complicating analysis.

Keywords:
current constrictionelectric network modelingheteroionic interfacehybrid solid-state batteryimpedance spectroscopysolid electrolyte

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Solid-state batteries offer advantages over liquid electrolyte systems.
  • Hybrid cell concepts utilizing diverse solid electrolytes are promising but face challenges at interfaces.
  • Charge transfer kinetics and physical contact at heteroionic interfaces critically affect performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how interface morphology influences the impedance response in solid electrolyte bilayers.
  • To differentiate between geometric interface effects and intrinsic material properties in impedance spectra.
  • To provide insights for accurate electrochemical characterization of solid electrolyte interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Microstructure-resolved electric network computations were employed.
  • Analysis focused on homogeneous bilayer systems with varying interface properties.
  • An experimental oxide-sulfide multilayer case study was used for validation.

Main Results:

  • Porous interfaces create geometric impedance signatures mimicking charge transfer processes.
  • Current constriction at interfaces significantly affects impedance response.
  • Interface resistance and capacitance are sensitive to contact area, distribution, pore capacitance, and local conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • Geometric effects at interfaces can be misinterpreted as electrochemical processes, complicating impedance analysis.
  • Accurate assessment of solid electrolyte material parameters requires careful consideration of interface morphology.
  • The findings are broadly applicable to heterojunctions in various electrochemical systems.