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Phthalate exposure aggravates periodontitis by activating NFκB pathway.

Wei Wu1, Wenxiu Jiang2, Yongmiao Zhou1

  • 1Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Exposure to multiple phthalates is linked to periodontitis in US adults. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure aggravates periodontitis by increasing inflammation via the NFκB pathway.

Keywords:
NFκBNHANESPeriodontitisPhthalate

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Periodontology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Phthalates are common plasticizers linked to various human diseases.
  • The association between phthalate exposure and periodontitis remains unexplored.
  • This study investigates the relationship between phthalates and periodontitis, including underlying mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between phthalate metabolites and periodontitis in US adults.
  • To explore the dose-response relationship between phthalate exposure and periodontitis.
  • To elucidate the role and mechanism of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in periodontitis development.

Main Methods:

  • Logistic regression models analyzed the association between phthalate metabolites and periodontitis.
  • Generalized additive and piecewise logistic models assessed dose-response relationships.
  • Cell and animal models, including mice with periodontitis, were used to investigate DEHP's mechanism, employing transcriptome sequencing, bioinformatics, western blot, and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • Several phthalate metabolites, including MEHP, MCPP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MiBP, and MECPP, were identified as independent risk factors for periodontitis.
  • MEHHP, a DEHP metabolite, demonstrated the most significant impact on periodontitis.
  • Increased inflammation and activation of the NFκB pathway were observed in periodontitis models exposed to DEHP.

Conclusions:

  • Phthalate exposure is positively associated with periodontitis in US adults aged 30-80.
  • DEHP exacerbates periodontitis by activating the NFκB pathway and increasing inflammation.