Parabens promotes invasive properties of multiple human cells: A potential cancer-associated adverse outcome pathway
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) promote cancer cell invasion by up-regulating MMPs/TIMPs and activating MAPK pathways. These widely used preservatives may pose health risks, necessitating further investigation into their cancer-associated adverse outcome pathways.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Cancer Biology
Background
- Parabens, widely used preservatives, have raised concerns regarding cancer associations.
- Limited knowledge exists on how parabens influence cancer cell metastasis.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the effects of methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) on the invasive and migratory properties of human cancer and non-cancerous cells.
- To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, including key signaling pathways involved in paraben-induced cell invasion.
Main Methods
- Exposure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human placental trophoblast (HTR-8/SVneo) cells to MP and PP.
- Analysis of cell invasion and migration.
- Assessment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2, MMP9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP1, TIMP2) expression and activity.
- Investigation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) signaling pathway activation.
Main Results
- MP and PP significantly promoted invasion in all four cell lines at concentrations as low as 5 μg/L.
- Parabens up-regulated MMP2/MMP9 expression and activity, while altering TIMP1/TIMP2 levels.
- Activation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 signaling pathways was essential for paraben-induced cell invasion.
Conclusions
- MP and PP enhance the invasive capacity of multiple human cell types through a common mechanism.
- MMPs/TIMPs and MAPK signaling pathways are key events in paraben-induced cell invasion.
- This study provides evidence for a potential cancer-associated adverse outcome pathway for parabens, aiding in health risk assessment.
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