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A comprehensive floc model for simulating simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal.

Xuanye Bai1, Ferenc Hazi2, Imre Takacs2

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Water Digital Solutions, Hatch Ltd, 2800 Speakman Dr, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 2R7, Canada.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new floc model accurately simulates simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal (SNDPR). It highlights how polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and low dissolved oxygen (DO) are key for efficient nutrient removal in wastewater treatment.

Keywords:
Floc modelIntrinsic half-saturation coefficientSimulationSimultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removalSumo

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biochemical engineering
  • Water treatment technologies

Background:

  • Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) processes are crucial for advanced wastewater treatment.
  • Understanding microbial dynamics and mass transfer within flocs is essential for optimizing SNDPR.
  • Existing models often lack the complexity to fully capture the interactions of various microbial groups and nutrient transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a comprehensive floc model for SNDPR.
  • To investigate the roles of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in the process.
  • To elucidate the impact of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and microbial stratification on nutrient removal efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a floc model incorporating PAOs, GAOs, intrinsic half-saturation coefficients, and explicit external mass transfer terms.
  • Calibration of the model using experimental data across diverse operating conditions.
  • Simulation of microbial behavior and nutrient dynamics under varying DO concentrations and influent loads.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately described experimental data, with estimated oxygen half-saturation coefficients for key bacteria.
  • Low DO environments were shown to favor nitrifying bacteria and PAOs.
  • PAOs assimilated volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic phase, and significantly contributed to phosphorus removal (997%) and nitrogen removal (171%) via aerobic growth and denitrification.
  • Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by PAOs and ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs) via nitrite removed 23.1% of influent total Kjeldahl nitrogen, reducing oxygen and carbon demands.
  • Distinct microbial and DO stratification was observed within flocs, with decreasing DO and OHOs, and increasing PAOs towards the floc core.

Conclusions:

  • The developed floc model provides a robust tool for investigating SNDPR mechanisms.
  • The model confirms the critical role of PAOs and low DO in achieving efficient nutrient removal.
  • Findings support the use of this model for the scientific investigation and practical design of SNDPR systems.