Compound SJ-12 attenuates streptozocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by stabilizing SERCA2a

Heart failure (HF) is one of the major causes of death among diabetic patients. Although studies have shown that curcumin analog C66 can remarkably relieve diabetes-associated cardiovascular and kidney complications, the role of SJ-12, SJ-12, a novel curcumin analog, in diabetic cardiomyopathy and its molecular targets are unknown. 7-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with single streptozotocin (STZ) (160 mg/kg) to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The diabetic mice were then treated with SJ-12 via gavage for two months. Body weight, fast blood glucose, cardiac utrasonography, myocardial injury markers, pathological morphology of the heart, hypertrophic and fibrotic markers were assessed. The potential target of SJ-12 was evaluated via RNA-sequencing analysis. The O-GlcNAcylation levels of SP1 were detected via immunoprecipitation. SJ-12 effectively suppressed myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, thereby preventing heart dysfunction in mice with STZ-induced heart failure. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that SJ-12 exerted its therapeutic effects through the modulation of the calcium signaling pathway. Furthermore, SJ-12 reduced the O-GlcNAcylation levels of SP1 by inhibiting O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). Also, SJ-12 stabilized Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), a crucial regulator of calcium homeostasis, thus reducing hypertrophy and fibrosis in mouse hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. However, the anti-fibrotic effects of SJ-12 were not detected in SERCA2a or OGT-silenced cardiomyocytes, indicating that SJ-12 can prevent DCM by targeting OGT-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of SP1.These findings indicate that SJ-12 can exert cardioprotective effects in STZ-induced mice by reducing the O-GlcNAcylation levels of SP1, thus stabilizing SERCA2a and reducing myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy. Therefore, SJ-12 can be used for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.