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Dynamics of Mpox infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Simeon Cadmus1,2,3,4, Victor Akinseye5,6, Matthias Besong5,7
1Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. simeonc5@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The seasonal outbreaks of Mpox continue in most parts of West and Central Africa. In the past year, Nigeria had the highest number of reported cases. Here, we used the PRISMA guidelines to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence on Mpox in Nigeria to assess the prevalence, transmission pattern, diagnostic approach, and other associated factors useful for mitigating the transmission of the disease. All relevant observational studies in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, AJOL, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar on Mpox in Nigeria were assessed within the last fifty years (1972 to 2022). In all, 92 relevant articles were retrieved, out of which 23 were included in the final qualitative analysis. Notably, most of the cases of Mpox in Nigeria were from the southern part of the country. Our findings showed a progressive spread from the southern to the northern region of the country. We identified the following factors as important in the transmission of Mpox in Nigeria; poverty, lack of basic healthcare facilities, and risk of exposure through unsafe sexual practices. Our findings reiterate the need to strengthen and expand existing efforts as well as establish robust multi-sectoral collaboration to understand the dynamics of Mpox Nigeria.
Insights
Mpox outbreaks persist in Nigeria, with cases spreading from the South to the North. Key transmission factors include poverty, poor healthcare access, and unsafe sexual practices, necessitating strengthened control efforts.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Mpox (formerly monkeypox) outbreaks are a recurring public health concern in West and Central Africa.
- Nigeria has reported a significant increase in Mpox cases, highlighting the need for focused research.
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
- Literature search encompassed major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, AJOL, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar) for studies from 1972 to 2022.
- 23 relevant observational studies were included in the qualitative analysis out of 92 retrieved articles.
Key Points:
- Mpox cases in Nigeria are predominantly concentrated in the southern regions.
- Evidence indicates a geographical spread from southern to northern Nigeria.
- Identified transmission drivers include poverty, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and transmission via unsafe sexual practices.
Conclusions:
- The study underscores the progressive spread of Mpox within Nigeria.
- Addressing poverty, improving healthcare access, and promoting safe sexual practices are crucial for mitigating transmission.
- Robust multi-sectoral collaboration is essential for understanding and controlling Mpox dynamics in Nigeria.
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