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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Modeling Breast Cancer via an Intraductal Injection of Cre-expressing Adenovirus into the Mouse Mammary Gland
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A Different Method to Increase Breast Projection-Tunnelized Glandular Flap.

Can Kopal1, Ilker Uyar2, Ersin Aksam3

  • 1Private Practice, Kultur Mah, Sair Esref Bul, No:61 Bahar Apartmanı K:2 D:5, Alsancak/İzmir, Turkey.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
|March 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Tunneled glandular flaps effectively enhance breast projection in breast lift surgery. This technique, utilizing medial or lateral flaps, offers a valuable solution for improving aesthetic outcomes in patients seeking breast augmentation.

Keywords:
Breast liftGlandular flapProjection

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Surgery
  • Breast Reconstruction

Background:

  • Breast ptosis is a common concern associated with aging, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and weight loss.
  • Understanding breast and nipple-areolar complex vascularity is crucial for developing effective breast reshaping techniques.
  • Various surgical methods have emerged to address breast ptosis and improve breast aesthetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of tunneled glandular flaps for increasing breast projection.
  • To assess the outcomes of breast lift surgery utilizing this specific flap technique.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 32 patients undergoing breast lift and reduction between January 2020 and January 2022.
  • Involved deepithelialization of the superomedial pedicle and creation of a tunnel.
  • Medial or lateral based glandular flaps were prepared, tunneled, and secured to the pectoral muscle.

Main Results:

  • The average patient age was 44.31 years; 13 patients were smokers, and 5 had diabetes mellitus.
  • Medial glandular flaps were used in 20 patients, and lateral flaps in 12, to enhance projection.
  • Average excised tissue was 785.31 g, with a mean follow-up of 14 months.

Conclusions:

  • Tunneled glandular flaps, whether based medially or laterally, are beneficial for increasing breast projection.
  • This technique provides a viable option for improving aesthetic results in breast lift procedures.