Deep Gluteal syndrome: An underestimated cause of posterior hip pain

Deep gluteal syndrome (DGS) is a significant cause of posterior hip pain resulting from the compression of the sciatic or other peripheral nerves in the deep gluteal space. Understanding the anatomy of the deep gluteal space and the kinematics of the sciatic nerve, as it passes through this region is crucial for understanding DGS. Despite increasing awareness, DGS is still often overlooked. This review focuses on conditions that specifically contribute to posterior hip pain as a consequence of DGS. Predominantly addressing piriformis syndrome, gemelli-obturator internus syndrome, ischiofemoral impingement syndrome, and proximal hamstring syndrome, the review also touches upon rare cases such as inferior and superior gluteal nerve entrapment.