Advances in the field of developing biomarkers for re-irradiation: a how-to guide to small, powerful data sets and
Chaudhry Huma1, Lee Hawon1, Jagasia Sarisha1
1Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
Introduction:
Patient selection remains challenging as the clinical use of re-irradiation (re-RT) increases. Re-RT data is limited to retrospective studies and small prospective single-institution reports, resulting in small, heterogenous data sets. Validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers are derived from large-volume studies with long-term follow-up. This review aims to examine existing re-RT publications and available data sets and discuss strategies using artificial intelligence (AI) to approach small data sets to optimize the use of re-RT data.
Methods:
Re-RT publications were identified where associated public data was present. The existing literature on small data sets to identify biomarkers was also explored.
Results:
Publications with associated public data were identified, with glioma and nasopharyngeal cancers emerging as the most common tumor sites where the use of re-RT was the primary management approach. Existing and emerging AI strategies have been used to approach small data sets including data generation, augmentation, discovery, and transfer learning.
Conclusions:
Further data is needed to generate adaptive frameworks, improve the collection of specimens for molecular analysis, and improve the interpretability of results in re-RT data.
