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Trends in Adolescent Suicide by Method in the US, 1999-2020
Cameron K Ormiston1,2, Wayne R Lawrence1,3, Saanie Sulley4
1Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
JAMA Network Open
|March 29, 2024
Summary
Adolescent suicide rates increased across all methods from 1999 to 2020, with concerning rises in firearm, poisoning, and hanging methods, particularly among females and minority youth. Effective prevention strategies are urgently needed to address these trends.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Adolescent Health
Background:
- Adolescent suicide is a critical public health issue in the US.
- Temporal trends in suicide methods among different demographic groups remain understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze national trends in adolescent suicide mortality by method (firearm, poisoning, hanging/asphyxiation, other) between 1999 and 2020.
- To examine these trends across various demographic characteristics, including age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
Main Methods:
- A serial cross-sectional study utilizing national death certificate data from adolescents (10-19 years) from 1999-2020.
- Age-standardized mortality rates and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated for each suicide method by demographic factors.
Main Results:
- Suicide rates increased for all methods (firearm, poisoning, hanging, other) from 1999-2020.
- Rapid increases were observed in female adolescents for poisoning and hanging suicides.
- Significant increases in firearm suicides were noted among Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latino adolescents from 2008-2020.
Conclusions:
- Suicide rates have risen across all methods in adolescents from 1999-2020.
- Disparities in trends were observed based on sex, age, and race/ethnicity.
- The escalating rates among racial and ethnic minority youth necessitate urgent development and implementation of targeted prevention strategies.
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