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Association of body mass index with long-term outcomes in older adults hospitalized for COVID-19: an observational

Alain Putot1,2,3, Charline Guyot4, Patrick Manckoundia5,6

  • 1Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpitaux du Pays du Mont Blanc, Sallanches, France. a.putot@ch-sallanches-chamonix.fr.

Scientific Reports
|March 30, 2024
PubMed

Insights

In older adults hospitalized with COVID-19, low body mass index (BMI) is linked to increased one-year mortality risk. High BMI did not show a significant association with mortality in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Underweight and obesity are linked to poor COVID-19 prognosis.
  • Older populations are particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and short-term and long-term prognosis in elderly patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 219 elderly patients (≥70 years) hospitalized with COVID-19 was analyzed.
  • Patients were categorized by BMI: <20 kg/m², 20-24.9 kg/m², and ≥25 kg/m².
  • Statistical analysis adjusted for confounders to assess mortality risk and clinical events.

Main Results:

  • Low BMI (<20 kg/m²) was independently associated with a higher risk of one-year mortality (HR: 1.75 [1.00-3.05], p=0.048).
  • High BMI (≥25 kg/m²) was not significantly associated with one-year mortality (HR: 1.04 [0.64-1.69], p=0.9).
  • BMI showed a linear correlation with in-hospital acute respiratory failure and cardiovascular events.

Conclusions:

  • In older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, low BMI is an independent risk factor for death.
  • High BMI is not associated with increased mortality in this demographic.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind increased mortality in underweight COVID-19 patients.

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