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Chemical Interactions between Dissolved Polysulfides and Potential Catalytic Host Materials for Li-S Batteries
Dong Zheng1, Dantong Qiu1, Miao Liu1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 30, 2024
Summary
Researchers screened 44 materials for lithium-sulfur battery cathodes. Twenty materials showed significant interaction with polysulfides, crucial for improving battery performance by mitigating the shuttle effect.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Battery Technology
Background:
- Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries require conductive host materials for efficient charge transfer due to the insulating nature of elemental sulfur (S8) and lithium sulfide (Li2S).
- The "polysulfide shuttle" effect, caused by polysulfide formation during cycling, impedes Li-S battery performance and necessitates effective mitigation strategies.
- Host materials play a critical role in addressing the polysulfide shuttle through physical or chemical interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the interactions between polysulfides and 44 different carbon and inorganic host materials.
- To identify materials that can effectively mitigate the polysulfide shuttle effect in Li-S batteries.
- To understand the primary mechanisms of interaction between host materials and polysulfides.
Main Methods:
- Utilized high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of polysulfide species.
- Monitored changes in polysulfide solutions after incubation with 44 distinct carbon and inorganic materials.
- Analyzed chromatographic results to determine the extent and nature of material-polysulfide interactions.
Main Results:
- Twenty out of the 44 tested materials demonstrated significant interactions with polysulfides.
- The primary interaction mechanism identified was an irreversible disproportionation reaction.
- Elemental sulfur was observed as a product of this disproportionation reaction.
Conclusions:
- Specific carbon and inorganic materials can effectively interact with polysulfides, offering potential solutions for the shuttle effect in Li-S batteries.
- The identified materials, particularly those causing disproportionation, are promising candidates for developing advanced sulfur cathodes.
- Understanding these interactions is key to designing stable and high-performance lithium-sulfur battery systems.
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