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Streptococcus zooepidemicus in dogs: Exploring a canine pathogen through multilocus sequence typing.

Elli R Mangano1, Gareth M C Jones2, Alejandro Suarez-Bonnet1

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Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed specific Streptococcus equi. subsp. zooepidemicus strains (ST-10, 123, 173) are linked to severe canine hemorrhagic pneumonia, especially in kennels. Further research is needed to understand virulence factors.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary microbiology
  • Canine infectious diseases
  • Bacterial genomics

Background:

  • Streptococcus equi. subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) causes significant canine diseases globally.
  • Prevalence is notably higher in shelter and kennel environments.
  • Understanding strain diversity is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic diversity of S. zooepidemicus in dogs using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
  • To identify potential associations between sequence types (STs) and disease severity, origin, and outbreak dynamics.
  • To explore the relationship between S. zooepidemicus strains and severe clinical presentations like hemorrhagic pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • MLST was performed on 149 independent canine S. zooepidemicus isolates.
  • Data analyzed for associations with breed, country, disease severity, sampling type, year, and outbreak behavior.
  • Specific strains were tracked across multiple outbreaks in kennelled populations.

Main Results:

  • No clear associations were found between STs and breed, country, sampling type, or year.
  • ST-10 and ST-123 strains were found across all disease severities.
  • Specific STs (ST-10, 18, 123, and ST-173) were associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia and persistence in kennels, with ST-173 noted for high virulence.

Conclusions:

  • MLST alone cannot fully determine S. zooepidemicus virulence in dogs.
  • Certain STs, particularly within the ST-173 clonal complex, are linked to severe disease and persistence in high-risk environments.
  • Whole genome sequencing and virulence factor characterization are warranted for a comprehensive understanding.