Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with t(4;11) follows neuroblastoma: a late effect of treatment?

The case presented is of a 7-year-old girl who developed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with t(4;11)(q21;q23) 5 years after the onset of neuroblastoma and 4 months after completing treatment for a first relapse. Consideration is given to the relative importance in this case of genetic factors and chemotherapeutic drugs in the etiology of ALL.