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Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

Current and future genomic applications for surgeons.

O Alkhatib¹, T Miles², R P Jones^1,3

¹Liverpool University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

|March 31, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic advances like whole-genome sequencing and circulating tumor DNA analysis are revolutionizing surgical cancer care. These innovations, including cancer vaccines and pharmacogenomics, are redefining precision medicine in surgery.

Keywords:

cancer vaccine genetics genomics

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Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

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Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

Published on: October 18, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

Published on: October 18, 2013

Area of Science:

Genomic Medicine
Surgical Oncology
Precision Medicine

Background:

Genomics plays a vital role in managing surgical diseases, with significant advancements impacting current and future surgical practice.
Genomic technologies offer comprehensive insights into the human genome, including epigenomic data, aiding in personalized treatment strategies.

Approach:

Whole-genome sequencing provides unbiased coverage of the entire genome, with newer technologies offering long-read analysis and methylomic data.
Current applications include cancer diagnostics in England for various malignancies, alongside emerging treatments like circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, immunotherapy, and pharmacogenomics.
Cancer vaccines are being developed to prime the immune system and reduce post-surgical recurrence, with ongoing clinical trials evaluating their efficacy.

Key Points:

Whole-genome sequencing is available for specific cancers in England, offering detailed genomic information.
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), immunotherapy, and pharmacogenomics are transforming cancer treatment and surgical approaches.
Cancer vaccines represent an innovative strategy to enhance immune response and prevent cancer recurrence after surgery.

Conclusions:

The integration of innovations like immunotherapy, ctDNA, pharmacogenomics, and whole-genome sequencing is essential for the surgical multidisciplinary team.
These genomic advancements have the potential to redefine standards of care and highlight the transformative impact of precision medicine in surgery.
Continued research into these diagnostics and therapies will further advance personalized cancer treatment strategies.