The Nurse Practitioner Role in Complex Malignant Hematology: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Internationally, there is limited evidence about the role and impact of nurse practitioners (NPs) in complex malignant hematology (CMH). In one Canadian CMH program, NPs have existed for 20 years but not been evaluated. This study aimed to understand stakeholder perceptions of CMH NP role structures, processes, and outcomes and the extent to which the role meets patient and health service needs.

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted, guided by the PEPPA-Plus framework. Purposive sampling was used to recruit stakeholders who participated in focus groups and interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Participants included patients (n = 8) and healthcare professionals (n = 27). Themes about structures related to evolution of the CMH Program, model of care, and need for strategic vision. Process themes related to provision of accessible, comprehensive, and holistic care and NP workload. Positive and negative outcomes and lack of outcome measurement were identified.

Structures related to patient and NP characteristics, organizational change, staffing, and how NP work is organized impacts on NP role implementation and outcomes. Organizational structures can be strengthened to improve the model of care and NP role implementation and workload. Value-added NP contributions related to providing comprehensive care with attention to safety and social determinants of health. Research is needed to evaluate NP role outcomes in CMH.

The results can inform role design and organization policies and strategies to promote the recruitment, retention, and optimization of NP roles in CMH settings. Priorities for future research are also identified.