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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

820
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
820
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

505
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
505
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

851
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
851
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

192
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
192
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

191
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
191
CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

149
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
149

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
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Methamphetamine Poisoning After "Plugging" Intentional Recreational Rectal Use.

Amye Farag1, Sean Patrick Nordt1, Joshua Perese1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|March 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rectal administration of methamphetamine, known as "plugging," poses a higher risk of severe toxicity due to rapid absorption. Emergency physicians must be aware of this route for prompt recognition and management of acute methamphetamine poisoning.

Keywords:
MethamphetamineRectal administrationSympathomimetic

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Methamphetamine is a widely used illicit drug, typically administered parenterally, orally, or via snorting.
  • Rectal administration, or "plugging," is a less common but increasingly recognized route.
  • This route bypasses first-pass metabolism, leading to faster onset and higher bioavailability.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 28-year-old male with acute methamphetamine toxicity after rectal administration.
  • The patient presented with hypertension, tachycardia, psychosis, and elevated creatine kinase, requiring intensive care and intubation.
  • No clinical evidence of bowel ischemia or injury was noted at discharge.

Findings:

  • Rectal methamphetamine administration ("plugging") significantly increases the risk of severe acute toxicity.
  • The route enhances methamphetamine's bioavailability and accelerates its onset of action.
  • Potential complications include mesenteric ischemia and bowel injury.

Implications:

  • Emergency physicians must consider "plugging" as a route of methamphetamine administration.
  • Vigilant monitoring for sympathomimetic toxidrome and potential bowel complications is crucial.
  • Awareness of this administration route aids in timely diagnosis and effective patient management.