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Related Concept Videos

Anorexia Nervosa01:28

Anorexia Nervosa

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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
257
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

228
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
228
Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst01:25

Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst

190
Hunger and thirst are fundamental physiological drives crucial for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the survival of both humans and animals. These drives are regulated through complex interactions between the brain, hormones, and sensory receptors.
Hunger arises when the brain detects changes in the body's nutrient levels, including glucose, lipids, amino acids, and hormones such as ghrelin and leptin. The hypothalamus plays a central role in hunger regulation. The lateral hypothalamus...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Assessing Activity-based Anorexia in Mice
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Assessing Activity-based Anorexia in Mice

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Hypothalamic hormone deficiency enables physiological anorexia.

Sarah M Mohr1,2,3, Rafael Dai Pra1,2,3, Maryann P Platt1,2,3

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian hibernators suppress hunger during arousal periods by inhibiting their feeding center. Thyroid hormone deficiency causes this hibernation anorexia, showing the feeding center

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative Physiology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Hibernation Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian hibernators adapt to cold and food scarcity by modulating physiology, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Thirteen-lined ground squirrels hibernate for 5-7 months, cycling between torpor and interbout arousal (IBA).

Approach:

  • Investigated feeding behavior and hypothalamic function in ground squirrels during hibernation.
  • Examined neural sensitivity to appetite-regulating hormones (ghrelin, leptin) in the arcuate nucleus.
  • Assessed the effect of hypothalamic thyroid hormone on hibernation anorexia.

Key Points:

  • Ground squirrels exhibit negligible hunger during IBAs despite fasting.
  • The hypothalamic feeding center shows reversible inhibition, with reduced neuronal sensitivity to ghrelin and leptin.
  • Hypothalamic thyroid hormone administration during IBA reverses hibernation anorexia.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone deficiency is the cause of hibernation anorexia.
  • The hypothalamic feeding center demonstrates remarkable functional flexibility during hibernation.