Kaolin Clay-Based Geopolymer for Ionic Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

Geopolymers, a class of sustainable inorganic materials derived from natural and recycled resources, hold promise for various applications, including thermoelectric power generation. This study delves into the thermoelectric properties of Ikere white (IKW)-geopolymer, derived from kaolin clay, by employing rigorous measurements of thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient. The investigation elucidates the pivotal role of temperature and ions in shaping the thermoelectric performance of IKW-geopolymer. Electrical conductivity analysis pinpoints ions within the geopolymer's channels as primary contributors. Beyond a critical temperature, the evaporation of bulk water triggers a transition of charge carriers from one- to three-dimensional motion, resulting in reduced conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient exhibits a range from -182 to 42 μV/K, with its time-dependent profile suggesting that ions potentially drive thermoelectricity in cementitious materials. Notably, a unique transition from n-type to p-type behavior was observed in the geopolymer, opening new avenues for ionic thermoelectric capacitors. These insights advance our understanding of thermoelectric behavior in geopolymers and have the potential to propel the development of novel building materials for energy conversion applications.