Assessing malathion residue impact on poultry health, human safety, and production performance

Over the past decade, food safety has become a major concern due to the intensive use of pesticides. Pesticide contamination has been observed in poultry products when seeds are coated with pesticides or when stored products are exposed to pesticides in warehouses. In this experiment, the residue levels of malathion transferred from corn grain to the different parts of the chicken product, its transfer factors (TFs) and the human dietary risk for consumers were evaluated. Growth performance and carcass parameters of the chicken samples were also determined after different doses of malathion exposure. Malathion residues from different parts of chicken meat (breast, thigh, wing, liver and skin) were extracted by the QuEChERS method and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). A deterministic approach was used to calculate the acute and chronic risk assessment. Body weight, feed conversion ratio and feed intake decreased with increasing malathion dose. In addition to reduced feed intake, cold carcass and liver weights of the chicks were also decreased. The highest residues were found in the skin of the chicken followed by the breast, thigh, wing and liver. The TFs of malathion varied between 0.00 and 0.05 according to the different doses applied (4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg, 32 mg/kg). The chronic exposure assessment (HQ) showed that consumers of all ages and genders consumed 0.008-0.604% of the acceptable daily intake (0.3 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) of malathion from chicken products. The acute intake assessment (aHQ) of consumers ranged from 0.00015 to 0.0135% of the acute reference dose (0.3 mg/kg bw). In conclusion the results suggest that the risk associated with the malathion residues in chicken meat was found to be low but the residue levels in meat should not be ignored.