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Discrimination between normal, hyperplastic and malignant human prostatic tissues by enzymatic profiles.

C B Brendler, A L Follansbee, J T Isaacs

    The Journal of Urology
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new enzymatic index distinguishes normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer tissues. This biochemical marker suggests BPH and cancer develop differently from normal prostate tissue.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Urology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Distinguishing between normal, hyperplastic (BPH), and malignant human prostatic tissues is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Enzymatic activity profiles may offer a biochemical basis for differentiating these prostatic conditions.
    • Understanding the distinct pathogenesis of BPH and prostate cancer is essential for effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a relative enzymatic index capable of differentiating normal, BPH, and malignant human prostatic tissues.
    • To investigate the enzymatic activities of five key enzymes in different prostatic tissue types.
    • To explore the biochemical divergence between BPH and prostate cancer from normal prostatic growth.

    Main Methods:

    • Assayed enzymatic activities (5 alpha-reductase, 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, acid phosphatase) at Vmax in 10 normal, 14 BPH, and 11 carcinoma samples.

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  • Calculated absolute enzymatic activities and normalized them to create relative enzymatic activities.
  • Derived and analyzed a specific ratio of relative enzymatic activities to differentiate tissue types.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences in enzymatic activities were observed across normal, BPH, and carcinoma tissues.
    • Mean 5 alpha-reductase activity was lower in carcinoma; 3 alpha/beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activities were higher in carcinoma than BPH.
    • Mean acid phosphatase activity was significantly higher in BPH than in normal or carcinoma tissues.
    • The derived relative enzymatic index ratio showed statistically significant differences between the three tissue groups.
    • The index was 3.6 times higher in BPH and 3.8 times higher in normal tissue compared to carcinoma, indicating distinct biochemical profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel relative enzymatic index effectively differentiates normal, BPH, and prostate carcinoma tissues.
    • The distinct biochemical profiles suggest that BPH and prostate cancer follow divergent pathogenic pathways from normal prostatic tissue.
    • These findings support the hypothesis that BPH and prostate cancer are separate disease entities with different origins.