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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Biomimetic Chiral Nanomaterials with Selective Catalysis Activity.

Honghui Cao1,2, En Yang2,3, Yoonseob Kim4

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Chiral nanomaterials offer tunable catalytic activity and selectivity for biocatalysis. This review highlights their synthesis, design, and applications, paving the way for advanced light-driven biocatalytic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Biocatalysis
  • Chirality Studies

Background:

  • Chiral nanomaterials exhibit unique chiroptical and catalytic properties.
  • Their biocompatible ligands enable diverse bioapplications.
  • Controlling catalytic activity and selectivity is crucial for optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis, composition, and catalytic performance of biohybrid chiral nanomaterials.
  • To highlight the construction of multiscale chiral geometries and principles for enhancing chiroptical responses.
  • To summarize biochemical approaches for regulating selectivity and catalytic activity in biocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of chiral nanomaterial synthesis and composition.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships for catalytic activity.
  • Review of biochemical strategies for selectivity control.

Main Results:

  • Chiral nanomaterials with multiscale geometries enhance chiroptical responses.
  • Biochemical design regulates selectivity and catalytic activity for various substrates.
  • Advancements in chiral nanomaterials enable light-utilization for biocatalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral nanomaterials show significant promise in catalysis, particularly in biocatalysis.
  • Rational design offers opportunities for improved selectivity and activity.
  • Future trends focus on structural versatility and enhanced chiral responses for light-driven applications.