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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

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Published on: May 10, 2024

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Eosinophilic esophagitis: Does age matter?

Donnchadh O'Sullivan1, Maria Camila Cardenas1, Luisa Ricaurte2

  • 1Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|April 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children under six often presents with feeding issues and poor weight gain. Combination therapy showed higher remission rates in younger children with EoE.

Keywords:
allergychildrenesophageal disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated esophageal disease.
  • Diagnosis is common in school-aged children (6-9 years), but data on younger children is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical presentation, comorbidities, and treatment outcomes of EoE based on age at diagnosis in children.
  • To identify age-specific patterns in EoE presentation and response to therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 256 children (<18 years) diagnosed with EoE between 2005-2020.
  • Patients were categorized into three age groups: <2 years, 2-<6 years, and 6-<18 years.
  • Clinical data, family history, comorbidities, treatment, and endoscopic findings were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Vomiting was common in children <2 years; poor weight gain was more prevalent in the 2-<6 years group.
  • Older children (6-18 years) were more likely to present with food impaction and abdominal pain.
  • Combination therapy achieved higher remission rates (85%) in children <6 years compared to older children (66%).

Conclusions:

  • EoE should be suspected in young children with feeding difficulties and poor weight gain.
  • Combination therapy may be more effective for younger children with EoE.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is needed to optimize combination therapy strategies for pediatric EoE.