In vivo optogenetics using a Utah Optrode Array with enhanced light output and spatial selectivity.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Optogenetics

Background:

• Optogenetics offers precise neural circuit control but faces challenges in large animal models.
• Controlling larger brain regions requires advanced stimulation technology.

Approach:

• Developed and optimized the Utah Optrode Array (UOA) with 181 micro-LEDs for in vivo optogenetic brain stimulation.
• Innovated fabrication using anodically bonded glass/silicon with through-silicon vias for an optical interposer.
• Optimized device thickness and integrated an optical interposer to enhance light delivery and spatial selectivity.

Key Points:

• Reduced device thickness by 70 µm improved light delivery efficiency by 80%.
• Optical interposer significantly enhanced spatial selectivity, reducing stray light.
• Thermal performance was maintained below 1°C cortical temperature rise.
• In vivo testing in macaques demonstrated precise stimulation matching optical models.

Conclusions:

• The UOA enables precise, spatially selective optogenetic stimulation in non-human primates.
• Improved device design enhances efficiency and power management for neural circuit manipulation.
• This technology advances the study of neural circuits in larger animal models.