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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
09:37

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: January 15, 2015

59.4K

In vivo optogenetics using a Utah Optrode Array with enhanced light output and spatial selectivity.

Niall McAlinden, Christopher F Reiche, Andrew M Clark

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |April 2, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed the Utah Optrode Array (UOA) for precise optogenetic stimulation in non-human primates. This enhanced device improves light delivery and spatial selectivity for neural circuit control.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System
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    In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

    Published on: January 15, 2015

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    Two Different Real-Time Place Preference Paradigms Using Optogenetics within the Ventral Tegmental Area of the Mouse
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    Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
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    Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Optogenetics

    Background:

    • Optogenetics offers precise neural circuit control but faces challenges in large animal models.
    • Controlling larger brain regions requires advanced stimulation technology.

    Approach:

    • Developed and optimized the Utah Optrode Array (UOA) with 181 micro-LEDs for in vivo optogenetic brain stimulation.
    • Innovated fabrication using anodically bonded glass/silicon with through-silicon vias for an optical interposer.
    • Optimized device thickness and integrated an optical interposer to enhance light delivery and spatial selectivity.

    Key Points:

    • Reduced device thickness by 70 µm improved light delivery efficiency by 80%.
    • Optical interposer significantly enhanced spatial selectivity, reducing stray light.
    • Thermal performance was maintained below 1°C cortical temperature rise.
    • In vivo testing in macaques demonstrated precise stimulation matching optical models.

    Conclusions:

    • The UOA enables precise, spatially selective optogenetic stimulation in non-human primates.
    • Improved device design enhances efficiency and power management for neural circuit manipulation.
    • This technology advances the study of neural circuits in larger animal models.