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Virus adsorbent systems based on Amazon holocellulose and nanomaterials.

Adriano de Souza Carolino1, Xaiane Martins Silva Freitas2, Célio Matias Airone Macalia1

  • 1Laboratory of Nanostructured Polymers (NANOPOL), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil.

Microscopy Research and Technique
|April 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed 16 eco-friendly antiviral systems using natural materials and nanomaterials. Systems with graphene oxide and activated carbon showed high spike protein adsorption and viral reduction, with low human cell toxicity.

Keywords:
Amazon holocelluloseCOVID‐19antiviral filtersfunctional nanoparticlesnanotechnologysilver nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Growing environmental concerns necessitate biodegradable alternatives to petrochemicals, especially for single-use items like face masks.
  • Non-biodegradable materials contribute to microplastic pollution, increasing the demand for sustainable filtering solutions.
  • The emergence of new viral strains necessitates advanced antiviral materials for public health and contagion control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, functional, and biodegradable materials for antiviral applications.
  • To create eco-friendly filtering systems using local by-products and advanced nanomaterials.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of developed antiviral systems against viral pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized 16 distinct systems using combinations of holocellulose, polyaniline (ES-PANI), graphene oxide (GO), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and activated carbon (AC).
  • Evaluated spike protein adsorption efficiency using adsorption tests.
  • Assessed viral titer reduction using the VSV-IN strain in HepG2 cells and performed biocompatibility tests on human fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Systems incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and activated carbon (AC) demonstrated superior spike protein adsorption.
  • The system containing all precursor materials (holocellulose, ES-PANI, GO, AgNPs, AC) exhibited the most significant reduction in viral titer.
  • Biocompatibility tests confirmed low cytotoxicity of the extracted compounds on human fibroblasts, indicating safety for potential applications.

Conclusions:

  • Systems labeled I and J, particularly the comprehensive blend of all components, are highly effective antiviral materials.
  • These novel materials offer enhanced adsorption efficiency and significant viral titer reduction, contributing to public health.
  • The developed antiviral systems show promise for use in sensors and devices for filtering and sanitization, mitigating virus and bacteria transmission.