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Complementary and alternative medicines and liver disease.
Cyriac Abby Philips1,2, Arif Hussain Theruvath2, Resmi Ravindran2
1Clinical and Translational Hepatology, The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in Gastrointestinal Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India.
Hepatology Communications
|April 2, 2024
Summary
Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are increasingly linked to drug-induced liver injury (DILI). This review highlights the rising rates, diverse clinical presentations, and outcomes of liver damage from CAM use.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Pharmacology
- Integrative Medicine
Background:
- Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are widely used globally.
- Reports of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with CAM are increasing.
- CAM-DILI presents a significant public health concern due to its rising incidence.
Approach:
- This review synthesizes current global epidemiology and trends in CAM-DILI.
- It examines clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and patient outcomes.
- The review also addresses emerging hepatotoxic herbs, health care myths, and regulatory aspects.
Key Points:
- CAM-DILI encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions, from asymptomatic abnormalities to acute liver failure.
- Liver biopsy findings in CAM-DILI include acute hepatitis, cholestasis, and autoimmune hepatitis.
- Preexisting liver disease is a predictor of severe outcomes in CAM-DILI.
Conclusions:
- CAM-DILI poses a growing threat, necessitating careful patient assessment and communication.
- Understanding the risks associated with CAM is crucial for preventing severe liver injury.
- Further research is needed to identify hepatotoxic agents and promote safer CAM practices.
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