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Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Abrasion Resistance of Concrete01:23

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Abrasion resistance is an essential characteristic of concrete that determines its durability and longevity under various wear conditions. Concrete surfaces are vulnerable to different types of abrasion. For instance, surfaces may wear down due to the constant movement of vehicles or be eroded by solids carried in water, as seen in concrete canal linings. Specific tests are conducted to measure the abrasion resistance of concrete.
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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Core-Shell PS&CeO2 Composite Abrasive Particles.

Shengqiang Jiang1,2,3, Jinjie Wang1, Jian Lu1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.

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This study introduces novel core-shell composite abrasive particles (CSPC) made from polystyrene and cerium oxide. These particles exhibit unique flexible properties, guiding their application in chemical mechanical planarization.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Core-shell composite abrasive particles are crucial for advanced surface finishing applications.
  • Understanding their preparation and performance is vital for optimizing polishing processes.
  • Existing abrasive particles may lack the tailored mechanical properties required for specific applications like chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a novel core-shell composite abrasive particle (CSPC) composed of polystyrene (PS) and cerium oxide (CeO2).
  • To analyze the microstructure, physical phase characteristics, and mechanical properties of the prepared CSPC particles.
  • To evaluate the influence of structural parameters on the elastic modulus of PS microspheres and CSPC particles.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PS microspheres and CSPC composite abrasive particles with varying structural features.
  • Morphological observation and physical/chemical characterization of particle microstructures and properties.
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure indentation load curves and determine the modulus of elasticity.

Main Results:

  • Experimentally prepared PS microspheres demonstrated good dispersion, smooth surfaces, and uniform particle size.
  • Synthesized CSPC particles were regular spheres with rough, rice-like surfaces, indicating soft elastic properties and a low modulus of elasticity.
  • Analysis revealed the effects of dimensional and structural parameters on the elastic modulus of both PS and CSPC particles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CSPC particles possess unique rigid-outer/flexible-inner characteristics suitable for specific surface finishing needs.
  • The findings provide valuable insights into the preparation technology and performance regulation of polymer microspheres and core-shell abrasives.
  • This research offers guidance for the application of these novel abrasive particles in CMP processes.