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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Disparities in Visual Field Testing Frequency Among Subjects With Glaucoma.

Chisom T Madu¹, Ting-Fang Lee^1,2, Ashley Sohn¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

Translational Vision Science & Technology

|April 2, 2024

Summary

Black and Asian glaucoma patients receive fewer visual field tests (VFT) per visit than White patients. This disparity persists even after accounting for socioeconomic status and disease severity, highlighting a need for further research into race-associated factors.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Public Health
Health Equity

Background:

Racial disparities in healthcare are well-documented.
Previous studies suggest inequities in visual field testing (VFT) for glaucoma patients.
Socioeconomic factors and disease severity may influence VFT utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate racial disparities in VFT frequency among glaucoma patients.
To assess the impact of baseline glaucoma severity and socioeconomic disadvantage on VFT utilization.
To control for confounders like test reliability, ancillary tests, and glaucoma surgeries.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 2654 glaucoma patients (White, Black, Asian) from 2018-2021.
Comparison of VFT frequency, total office visits (DoS), and VFT/DoS ratio across racial groups.
Statistical control for sex, age, Area Deprivation Index, VF reliability, baseline mean deviation, OCT frequency, and glaucoma surgeries.

Main Results:

Black patients had the highest socioeconomic disadvantage and disease severity at baseline.
Black subjects showed a 3% lower VFT/DoS ratio compared to White subjects (P=0.031).
Asian subjects exhibited a 5% lower VFT/DoS ratio compared to White subjects (P=0.015).

Conclusions:

Racial disparities in VFT for glaucoma patients persist even after controlling for key confounders.
Black and Asian glaucoma patients receive fewer VFTs per visit than White patients.
Further research is needed to identify and address race-associated factors contributing to these disparities in VFT.