Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

295
Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
295
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

134
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
134
Aging01:26

Aging

49
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
49
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

12.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
12.4K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.5K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.5K
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological01:19

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

148
Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...
148

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Methylmalonic acid: a new target for Hadamard-edited MRS.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

<i>In situ</i> synthesis of a binder-free MoS<sub>2</sub>/FeOOH@CC heterostructure as a photoelectrode for high-performance photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Highly cited original research in microneedle science from 2015 to 2025 a bibliometric and altmetric analysis.

Discover nano·2026
Same author

Lecanemab treatment modulates brain volume and cerebrospinal fluid pathways in early Alzheimer's disease: Insights from longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Dioscin alleviates allergic airway inflammation with IL-4R-associated modulation of epithelial-immune responses.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

Real-time AI integration for MR to detect artifacts and guide pulse sequence adaptations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
08:52

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.5K

Metabolite T1 relaxation times decrease across the adult lifespan.

Saipavitra Murali-Manohar1,2, Aaron T Gudmundson1,2, Kathleen E Hupfeld1,2

  • 1The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

NMR in Biomedicine
|April 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Brain metabolite T1 relaxation times decrease with age, particularly in white matter. This finding highlights the need for age-adjusted quantification in magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of aging.

Keywords:
T1 relaxation timeshealthy agingmacromoleculesmagnetic resonance spectroscopymetabolites

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments
09:25

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments

Published on: November 1, 2024

1.9K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases
08:12

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
08:52

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 6, 2022

3.5K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments
09:25

Author Spotlight: Exploring Intrinsically Disordered Protein Dynamics Through NMR Relaxation Experiments

Published on: November 1, 2024

1.9K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases
08:12

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Quantifying brain metabolites using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) requires accurate relaxation correction.
  • Current MRS quantification often assumes constant T1 relaxation across all ages, potentially introducing inaccuracies.
  • Evidence suggests that aging may alter T1 relaxation rates, similar to observed changes in T2 relaxation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the age-dependent changes in T1 relaxation times of key brain metabolites.
  • To assess whether T1 relaxation varies between gray and white matter with increasing age.
  • To establish the necessity of age-normed metabolite T1 values for precise MRS quantification in aging research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large, publicly available dataset of 3 Tesla (3T) MRS data from 102 healthy volunteers (aged 20-69).
  • Analyzed metabolite-nulled and full metabolite spectra from posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and centrum semiovale (CSO) using Osprey software.
  • Calculated T1 relaxation times for N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA) and creatine (tCr) using a single inversion recovery method and evaluated age correlations.

Main Results:

  • Significant negative correlations were found between age and T1 relaxation times for tNAA and tCr in the white-matter-rich CSO.
  • A less pronounced, but significant, negative correlation was observed for tNAA in the gray-matter-rich PCC.
  • T1 relaxation times for tCr in the PCC did not show a significant age-related decrease.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolite T1 relaxation times exhibit age-dependent changes, particularly in white matter.
  • The assumption of constant T1 relaxation across age is not universally valid for MRS quantification.
  • Further research is crucial to develop and implement age-normed T1 values for accurate metabolite quantification in aging studies.