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Update on Prenatal Detection Rate of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Deepak Gupta1, Tiffany Vuong2, Shuo Wang3

  • 1Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Pediatric Cardiology
|April 2, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) improved during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study found higher odds of CCHD prenatal diagnosis during the pandemic, especially for single ventricle lesions and outflow tract anomalies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Prenatal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) has seen improvements.
  • Previous research identified CCHD subtype and socioeconomic status as key factors influencing prenatal diagnosis rates.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges and potential shifts in healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare prenatal diagnosis rates of newborns with CCHD during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-March 2021) versus the pre-pandemic era.
  • To identify factors associated with the lack of prenatal diagnosis for CCHD.
  • To analyze trends in CCHD diagnosis rates compared to historical data (2009-2012 and 2013-2016).

Main Methods:

  • Single-center retrospective study analyzing newborns admitted for cardiac intervention.
  • Comparison of prenatal diagnosis rates between pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.
  • Statistical analysis including adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to control for lesion type and identify significant associations.

Main Results:

  • Patients had 2.17 times higher odds of CCHD prenatal diagnosis during the pandemic compared to the 2009-2012 pre-pandemic period (aOR = 2.17, p = 0.001).
  • Single ventricle lesions (aOR 6.74) and outflow tract anomalies (aOR 2.20) showed the highest odds of prenatal diagnosis.
  • Outflow tract anomalies had significantly higher odds for prenatal detection during the pandemic compared to 2009-2012 (aOR 2.01, p = 0.031).

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal detection of CCHD among newborns requiring cardiac intervention appears to have improved during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Specific CCHD subtypes, such as single ventricle lesions and outflow tract anomalies, demonstrated increased prenatal diagnosis rates.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the underlying reasons for improved prenatal detection during the pandemic.

Keywords:
Access to health careCOVID-19Congenital heart defectsEchocardiography

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