Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Phloretin inhibits osteoclast differentiation and alleviates disuse osteoporosis through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.

European journal of pharmacology·2026

Same author

An Investigation of the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of VMnGe<sub>n</sub> (n = 3-18) Clusters: Insights From Theoretical Calculations.

Journal of computational chemistry·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "Hyaluronidase-responsive hydrogel loaded with magnetic nanoparticles combined with external magnetic stimulation for spinal cord injury repair" [Mater. Today Bio 30 (2025) 101378].

Materials today. Bio·2026

Same author

Unveiling the Inverse Sandwich Cr<sub>2</sub>B<sub>6</sub> Building Block for Self-Assembled Antiferromagnetic Nanowires in Cr<sub>2</sub>B<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<i>n</i> = 3-12) Clusters.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025

Same author

BLTTNet: feature fusion based on BiLSTM-Transfomer-TCN for prediction of remaining useful life of aircraft engines.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Astrocytes-derived LCN2 triggers EV-A71-induced muscle soreness via accumulating lactate.

Science advances·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Antiferromagnetic Chromium-Doped Tin Clusters.

Kai Wang¹, Le Liu¹, Hui Pan¹

¹Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A

|April 3, 2024

Summary

Researchers discovered antiferromagnetic (AFM) chromium-tin (Cr2Snx) clusters, exhibiting stepwise growth. These clusters, particularly Cr2Sn17, show potential as building blocks for advanced AFM spintronic devices.

More Related Videos

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Chemistry

Background:

The miniaturization of spintronic devices necessitates novel low-dimensional materials.
Antiferromagnetic (AFM) clusters offer a promising route for developing such materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To discover and characterize new AFM chromium-tin (Cr2Snx) clusters.
To investigate their growth patterns and magnetic properties for potential applications in spintronics.

Main Methods:

Utilized density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the structural and magnetic properties of Cr2Snx clusters.
Analyzed cluster growth mechanisms, focusing on stepwise adsorption of tin atoms.

Main Results:

Identified a series of Cr2Snx (x = 3-20) clusters with stepwise growth, characterized by endohedral structures.
Confirmed antiferromagnetic properties for most clusters, with exceptions like ferrimagnetic Cr2Sn11.
Demonstrated that the stable Cr2Sn17 cluster can form dimers and trimers without significant structural or magnetic alteration.

Conclusions:

The stepwise growth of Cr2Snx clusters provides a pathway for synthesizing low-dimensional AFM materials.
The stable Cr2Sn17 cluster serves as a versatile building block for constructing larger AFM nanostructures and devices.