Gigahertz streaking and compression of low-energy electron pulses

Although radio frequency (RF) technology is routinely employed for controlling high-energy pulses of electrons, corresponding technology has not been developed at beam energies below several kiloelectronvolts. In this work, we demonstrate transverse and longitudinal phase-space manipulation of low-energy electron pulses using RF fields. A millimeter-sized photoelectron gun is combined with synchronized streaking and compression cavities driven at frequencies of $$ and $$, respectively. The phase-controlled acceleration and deceleration of photoelectron pulses is characterized in the energy range of $$-$$. Deflection from a transient space-charge cloud at a metal grid is used to measure a fourfold compression of $$ electron pulses, from $$ to $$ pulse duration.