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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)01:08

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a powerful analytical technique used in mass spectrometry. It enables the identification and characterization of various biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. MALDI spectrometry is widely employed in biological and medical research, as well as in fields like pharmacology and biochemistry.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Rapid Determination of Antibody-Antigen Affinity by Mass Photometry
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Electrophoretic Deposition Interferometric Scattering Mass Photometry.

Matthew D Kowal1, Teresa M Seifried1, Carraugh C Brouwer1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.

ACS Nano
|April 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Electrophoretic deposition interferometric scattering microscopy (EPD-iSCAT) uses an electric field to rapidly deposit nanoparticles onto a coverslip. This method overcomes slow diffusion limits, enabling precise, real-time monitoring of nanoparticle concentration and size in solution.

Keywords:
electrophoretic depositioninterferometric scattering microscopymachine learningmass photometryquantitative imagingsingle-nanoparticle detection

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) is a label-free technique for analyzing single nanoparticles and macromolecules.
  • iSCAT measures particle volume and solution concentration by analyzing how particles land and adsorb onto a coverslip.
  • A key limitation of iSCAT is the slow diffusion rate of particles to the measurement surface, limiting measurement frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method that overcomes the diffusion-limited sampling rate in interferometric scattering microscopy.
  • To introduce electrophoretic deposition interferometric scattering microscopy (EPD-iSCAT) for enhanced nanoparticle analysis.
  • To demonstrate user control over particle deposition rates for improved iSCAT measurements.

Main Methods:

  • EPD-iSCAT utilizes a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) coated coverslip.
  • Applying a voltage to the ITO coverslip creates an electric field that drives electrophoretic deposition of charged nanoparticles.
  • The deposition rate is controlled by regulating the applied voltage.

Main Results:

  • EPD-iSCAT enables controlled nanoparticle deposition, overcoming slow diffusion limitations.
  • A deposition rate constant of 1.7 s⁻¹ μm⁻² nM⁻¹ was achieved for 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles at 0.1 nM concentration with a +1 V potential.
  • Deposition ceases upon removal of the applied voltage, demonstrating precise control.

Conclusions:

  • EPD-iSCAT significantly enhances the speed and control of nanoparticle deposition for iSCAT measurements.
  • This technique allows for long-term monitoring of slow kinetic processes in solution using single-molecule mass photometry.
  • EPD-iSCAT offers a concentration-dependent deposition rate, similar to conventional methods but with added electrophoretic control.