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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants
Published on: June 24, 2018
A randomized clinical trial on zirconia versus titanium implants in maxillary single tooth replacement
J H W de Beus1,2, M S Cune1,3, J W A Slot1
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Zirconia and titanium dental implants show comparable marginal bone level changes one year after placement. Both implant types demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes and patient-related measures, suggesting suitability for maxillary premolar replacement.
Area of Science:
- Dental Implantology
- Biomaterials Science
- Prosthodontics
Background:
- Zirconia (ZrO2) and titanium (Ti) are commonly used materials for dental implants.
- Evaluating their comparative efficacy in the maxillary premolar region is crucial for clinical decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare zirconia and titanium dental implants based on marginal bone level (MBL) changes, clinical parameters, aesthetic outcomes, and patient-related outcome measures (PROMs).
- To assess the outcomes one year after prosthetic loading in the maxillary premolar region.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 50 patients, with 25 receiving zirconia and 25 receiving titanium implants.
- Implants were restored with lithium disilicate crowns.
- Follow-up assessments were conducted at 1 month and 1 year post-loading, focusing on MBL changes, implant survival, peri-implant health, aesthetics, and PROMs.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in mean MBL change between zirconia (0.01 mm) and titanium (-0.09 mm) implants after one year (p=0.439).
- Generally favorable and similar scores for clinical parameters and PROMs between the two groups.
- Significant differences were observed in aesthetic outcomes: facial mucosa level favored titanium (p=0.022), while root convexity/soft tissue color and texture favored zirconia (p=0.005).
Conclusions:
- Zirconia and titanium implants demonstrate comparable outcomes regarding MBL changes one year after prosthetic loading in the maxillary premolar region.
- Both implant types exhibit favorable and similar clinical and patient-reported outcomes.
- These short-term findings suggest that both zirconia and titanium implants are suitable for clinical application in this context.
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