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Related Concept Videos

Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow01:27

Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow

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Open channel flow, where a fluid flows with a free surface exposed to the atmosphere, is primarily governed by gravitational and surface effects, distinguishing it from closed conduit or pipe flow. In open channels such as rivers, canals, and artificial channels, energy analysis provides valuable insights into flow behavior and the relationship between depth, velocity, and slope.Specific Energy and Flow DepthIn open channel flow, the specific energy, E, combines the gravitational potential...
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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine
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Ice shelf basal channel shape determines channelized ice-ocean interactions.

Chen Cheng1, Adrian Jenkins2, Paul R Holland3

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Deeper basal channels beneath Antarctic ice shelves significantly amplify melting and alter ocean properties. Understanding channel shape is crucial for ice shelf stability and ocean freshwater input.

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Area of Science:

  • Glaciology
  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Basal channels under Antarctic ice shelves are vital for ice shelf stability and ocean freshwater input.
  • The precise impact of channel geometry on melting and water properties remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how deeper basal channels influence basal melting, meltwater channeling, and ocean warming and salinization.
  • To quantify the modulation of these processes by channel width and height.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 3D ice shelf-ocean boundary current model.
  • Simulated channelized basal melting and meltwater transport dynamics.
  • Analyzed the impact of channel cross-sectional shape on oceanographic properties.

Main Results:

  • Deeper basal channels significantly amplify channelized basal melting and meltwater channeling.
  • Channel width and height critically modulate meltwater properties, including warming and salinization.
  • Complex, topographically driven circulations create unique thermohaline structures within deep channels.

Conclusions:

  • Channel cross-sectional shape is a key factor in quantifying basal melt and freshwater export.
  • Improved observations of basal channels and their hydrography are essential for accurate ice shelf mass balance and oceanographic predictions.
  • Findings highlight the need for detailed monitoring near ice fronts where meltwater emerges.