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    A novel double-grating differential interferometer offers adjustable parameters for precise plasma density diagnostics. This advanced system provides more reliable and accurate measurements, particularly for high-gradient plasmas.

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    Area of Science:

    • Plasma Physics
    • Optical Diagnostics
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Accurate plasma density measurement is crucial for understanding plasma behavior.
    • Traditional interferometers face limitations in controlling diagnostic parameters.
    • Laser-produced plasmas require specialized diagnostic techniques due to rapid evolution and high gradients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and test a novel double-grating differential interferometer for enhanced plasma density diagnostics.
    • To demonstrate the independent adjustability of shear distance, direction, and fringe width.
    • To validate the system's capability for precise differential phase diagnosis in laser-produced plasmas.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a differential interferometer utilizing two precisely aligned gratings.
    • Independent adjustment of shear distance, shear direction, and fringe width.
    • Application of the interferometer for diagnosing laser-produced plasma generated by a high-power Ti:sapphire laser.

    Main Results:

    • The double-grating interferometer allows independent control over key optical parameters.
    • Successful application in diagnosing laser-produced plasma with a 100 μm orifice gas jet.
    • Demonstrated enhanced accuracy and reliability in plasma density measurements, especially for high spatial gradients.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed double-grating differential interferometer is a versatile tool for plasma diagnostics.
    • Independent parameter control enables rigorous differential phase diagnosis for improved accuracy.
    • The system offers superior performance for characterizing complex plasma structures with steep density gradients.