Optimization of forensic identification through 3-dimensional imaging analysis of labial tooth surface using...

Area of Science:

• Forensic Odontology
• Biometrics
• 3D Imaging

Background:

• Individual identification is crucial in forensic science.
• Dental records offer a unique and permanent source of identification.
• Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of dental structures enhances identification accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the minimum number of anterior teeth required for reliable individual identification.
• To evaluate the efficacy of 3D dental scans for forensic identification.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 28 sets of 3D point cloud data from anterior teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines).
• Superimposition of genuine and imposter pairs using CloudCompare software.
• Evaluation of root mean square error (RMSE) and inter-tooth distances.

Main Results:

• Genuine pairs showed significantly smaller distances (0.153–0.184 mm) and RMSE values (0.166–0.177) compared to imposter pairs (0.338–0.522 mm and 0.424–0.638, respectively).
• A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was found between genuine and imposter pairs.
• Accurate identification was achieved by analyzing a minimum of 4 anterior teeth.

Conclusions:

• The labial surfaces of anterior teeth are highly reliable for 3D dental identification.
• A minimum of four anterior teeth are sufficient for accurate forensic identification.
• 3D dental scanning provides a robust method for individual identification.