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Estimation of Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia in Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study Among the
Naman Mishra1, Keta Vagha1, Shraddha Sawhney1
1Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus
|April 4, 2024
Summary
Congenital heart defects (CHD) in children are linked to low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). This study found a 19.4% prevalence of thrombocytopenia in cyanotic congenital heart defect patients, impacting surgical risks.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Hematology
Background:
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of mortality in India, particularly cyanotic forms.
- Assessing prognostic factors in pediatric heart defects is crucial for patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in children with cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHD).
- To analyze platelet levels across different types of CCHD.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 268 children (15 days to 12 years) with echocardiography-confirmed CHD.
- Exclusion criteria included critical illness, sepsis, and unwillingness to participate.
- Platelet counts were assessed from blood samples collected in EDTA tubes.
Main Results:
- Thrombocytopenia was reported in 52 out of 268 children, with an overall prevalence of 19.4%.
- A statistically significant p-value for thrombocytopenia was observed only in cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).
Conclusions:
- Children with CCHD frequently exhibit hematological abnormalities, including significant thrombocytopenia.
- Low platelet counts present peri-surgical risks and can negatively affect surgical outcomes, necessitating further investigation as an independent prognostic factor.
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